Dyslexia is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to learn to read and write fluently. It is not related to intelligence, but there are differences in the way the brain processes information. It is estimated that around 5% to 10% of the global population has some degree of dyslexia, varying in severity.

Definition of Dyslexia

According to the International Dyslexia Association (IDA), dyslexia is a specific learning disorder, of neurobiological origin, characterized by difficulties in recognizing words accurately and/or fluently, as well as problems with spelling and decoding (the ability to relate sounds to letters). Such difficulties result from a deficit in the phonological component of language, which affects the ability to relate speech sounds to the corresponding letters in written text.

Types of Dyslexia

There are different subtypes of dyslexia, which can vary depending on the areas of difficulty:

• Phonological Dyslexia: Difficulty in associating sounds with letters and forming words.

• Surface Dyslexia: Problems with visual recognition of words that do not follow common phonetic rules.

• Visual Dyslexia: Difficulty processing visual information, such as the shape of letters or the order in which they appear.